Attribution theory: suggests how we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition.
Example: there were several good examples; one happened during the game with Eagles(the first game). Coach Yoast’s defense team did do so well, and failed to block out opponent’s player 23. Coach Boone falsely attributed the failure of defense to Yoast’s intention of getting him fire, since he can’t afford to lose any game. However, it turned out that Yoast wanted to win the game just much as Boone did. Another one happened when “Sunshine” took P and Blue (I guessed the names) to one of the local restaurant, but was denied by the owner due to the racial discrimination. P was very angry at Sunshine for embarrassing him after he had told Sunshine that it was not a good ideal to go into the restaurant. P falsely attributed Sunshine’s intention and Sunshine’s acknowledgement. P thought Sunshine knew the outcome already and was embarrassing him on purpose.
Foot-in-the door phenomenon: the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Example: Foot-in-the door trick was used at the beginning of the movie by coach Boone, for he wanted to successfully integrate the two races into one team with nothing between them. However, the first approach was not by coach Boone. Every football player who wanted to play will have to stay in the team, so these ensured that both black and white players would have to be on the same team, and that was the first step. Next, coach Boone took them to the camp where they will be bedding with one another (black and white). To increase the intimacy between the team players, Boone stepped another step further, he ask everyone to learn things from another, which according to psychology, the more one knows about each other the closer and perhaps the better the relationship gets. As result of such effort, the team came together. As one of the parent had remarked, “they look like they had been brain washed.”
Scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet of ranger by providing someone to blame.
Example: Scapegoat phenomenon was a common scene during the first quarter of the movie, all white players blame on the black failure and the black player blame the white players too. In on occasion, Gerry was blaming Julius for not blocking the opponent team, and in particular, he blame Julius for left him open to the opponents tackle. In return, Julius blame Gerry for not treating the teammates equally and not doing what a captain supposed to do. Yet, in reality, they both took the blame, because they both contributed to the failure of the team work.
Social trap: a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.
Example: Both black and white players try to stay in the team but wanted other out of the team or at least for the black players they wanted white players to stay out of their way. At the very beginning of the movie, Gerry went up the coach Boone and told him that the team does not need his black players, but was humiliated by the coach. None of the black player nor did any white players wanted to cooperate with one another, especially the defense, they don’t want to protect the quarter back of opposite race. As result, no one wins. After all, they managed to create a double win situation, in which both races learn to respect and love each other.
Ingroup bias: the tendency to favor one’s own group.
Example: this was best shown in the open speech done by coach Yoast at the beginning of the movie, when he publicly declared that he will not deign himself to work under coach Boone. His players also supported his action and decided to leave the team if coach Yoast was not going to coach. This phenomenon showed that how good the white players felt bout themselves and how perceive black players and black coach (black people if to be general).
Sunday, November 21, 2010
Monday, November 8, 2010
The Colony
There are two psychological subjects I would like to talk about; first the norms, and second the learning process. In the issue regarding norms, I psychological view are social-cognitive perspective and social-responsibility norm. social responsibility is the expectation of one for other to do certain things for others or the group. social cognitive perspective is the observing how behavior is being shaped due to the environment or between people.
First, start with the norms people have in a regular life, things such as washing cloth, taking bath, eating food and relaxing are the basic pleasures of people, and it is also the major factor that shape one's norm. For the shaping to succeed, colonists were first given a heads up about what they are going to to through ( that is in the agreement paper they must sign, thus by agreeing to this, they are persuading themselves to accept the condition and wills to adapt). second step, colonists were taken to be quarantined, where they spent 72 hours in dark and alone; this allowed the colonists' mental process to be altered from how a regular mind set would process, especially when encountered with anxiety, the reaction of altered colonists' mind set would be more likely to be offensive. Such as when they first encountered with the three outsiders, Jim first started the fight (although the outsider's action was very provocative). As colonists were dropped to the designated area, they were told to stay in the area and wait until they are going to be relocated. At first, most colonist do still have the social norms of modern civilization, they looked around for supervise or authority figure to guide them. The first day of the colony was very much of a series of team work. Although no one mentioned, but everyone has notice there is a need to a leader, and many do believe they are the best fit for the position, such as Deville, who said he will be the major contributor to this experiment. Sally also realized that they are working as "all Indians without a chief". Such concern is explained by social leadership, which is a group-oriented leadership. The norms were changing slowly, by the day 5 on the colony, some signs of broken social norms are: Reno not wearing his shirt (perhaps his hobby), Women and Men were sleeping in the same room with only under wears, fighting to protect resource, quarantining members for the imaginary deseases and the consideration of eating the roten pig (George considered it). However there are also signs of not yet switching over of the social norms: Becka washing her hair, Jim washing his cloth, Jim showed the acknowledge that everything is a controlled experiment, George's don't-care attitude and Sian's refusal to touch those roten pigs. So far many of social-cognitive perspective had been shown in how they cooperate, most of them fit together fine, and this also contribute to the changing of norms, because as people around you accepts the condition, you will as well change to adapt. One good example is how George had at first being not so care to a point he cares. Partly result of peer pressure, George learned to cooperate with other and show participation. Social responsibility was examplified in two event, one, when George was looking for a easy way out, Reno got upset, because he is a hard worker, so he expects him to be the same too. second event is when Sally asking who is going to dealt with the pigs, not all hesitated, thus Sally was kind disapointed by people's attitude toward this experiment, she believes that people should be more serious about the condition.
The learning process in the experiment was very obviouse, becasue colonist must first learn to adapt, and as they adapt they are also learing. the give a couple example. One, when George learn how to work as team. In this example, George was having attitude toward the whole experiment (Response). The other team members were upset with him (Positive Punishment), therefore, he learned to survive in a team environment he must change, so later he became involve in projects and show supports to others' work (response to get rid of the punishment or the disapprovement toward him). This is an example of Operan Conditioning. Next one, as colonists were atacked(US) by out siders(CS), they became feriouse(UR), so later when they encounter with Micheal and Amber they also become all aroused and with expectation to have a conflict(CR). This is an example of Classical Conditioning. However, much more of the learning in the wild is based on social learning, in which people learn by observing, imitating, and by being rewarded or punished. Because we are human so classical conditioning do not work too well.
First, start with the norms people have in a regular life, things such as washing cloth, taking bath, eating food and relaxing are the basic pleasures of people, and it is also the major factor that shape one's norm. For the shaping to succeed, colonists were first given a heads up about what they are going to to through ( that is in the agreement paper they must sign, thus by agreeing to this, they are persuading themselves to accept the condition and wills to adapt). second step, colonists were taken to be quarantined, where they spent 72 hours in dark and alone; this allowed the colonists' mental process to be altered from how a regular mind set would process, especially when encountered with anxiety, the reaction of altered colonists' mind set would be more likely to be offensive. Such as when they first encountered with the three outsiders, Jim first started the fight (although the outsider's action was very provocative). As colonists were dropped to the designated area, they were told to stay in the area and wait until they are going to be relocated. At first, most colonist do still have the social norms of modern civilization, they looked around for supervise or authority figure to guide them. The first day of the colony was very much of a series of team work. Although no one mentioned, but everyone has notice there is a need to a leader, and many do believe they are the best fit for the position, such as Deville, who said he will be the major contributor to this experiment. Sally also realized that they are working as "all Indians without a chief". Such concern is explained by social leadership, which is a group-oriented leadership. The norms were changing slowly, by the day 5 on the colony, some signs of broken social norms are: Reno not wearing his shirt (perhaps his hobby), Women and Men were sleeping in the same room with only under wears, fighting to protect resource, quarantining members for the imaginary deseases and the consideration of eating the roten pig (George considered it). However there are also signs of not yet switching over of the social norms: Becka washing her hair, Jim washing his cloth, Jim showed the acknowledge that everything is a controlled experiment, George's don't-care attitude and Sian's refusal to touch those roten pigs. So far many of social-cognitive perspective had been shown in how they cooperate, most of them fit together fine, and this also contribute to the changing of norms, because as people around you accepts the condition, you will as well change to adapt. One good example is how George had at first being not so care to a point he cares. Partly result of peer pressure, George learned to cooperate with other and show participation. Social responsibility was examplified in two event, one, when George was looking for a easy way out, Reno got upset, because he is a hard worker, so he expects him to be the same too. second event is when Sally asking who is going to dealt with the pigs, not all hesitated, thus Sally was kind disapointed by people's attitude toward this experiment, she believes that people should be more serious about the condition.
The learning process in the experiment was very obviouse, becasue colonist must first learn to adapt, and as they adapt they are also learing. the give a couple example. One, when George learn how to work as team. In this example, George was having attitude toward the whole experiment (Response). The other team members were upset with him (Positive Punishment), therefore, he learned to survive in a team environment he must change, so later he became involve in projects and show supports to others' work (response to get rid of the punishment or the disapprovement toward him). This is an example of Operan Conditioning. Next one, as colonists were atacked(US) by out siders(CS), they became feriouse(UR), so later when they encounter with Micheal and Amber they also become all aroused and with expectation to have a conflict(CR). This is an example of Classical Conditioning. However, much more of the learning in the wild is based on social learning, in which people learn by observing, imitating, and by being rewarded or punished. Because we are human so classical conditioning do not work too well.
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)